đ āĻŦāĻ: ABCD āĻĨেāĻে English Grammar āĻ Literature āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāϝ় – ā§§ā§Ģ ARTICLES & DETERMINERS A, An, The āĻāĻŦং Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ Words
đ āĻŦāĻ: ABCD āĻĨেāĻে English Grammar āĻ Literature āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় – ā§§ā§Ģ ARTICLES & DETERMINERS A, An, The āĻāĻŦং Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ Words
đ āĻŦāĻ: ABCD āĻĨেāĻে English Grammar āĻ Literature
āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় – ā§§ā§Ģ
ARTICLES & DETERMINERS
A, An, The āĻāĻŦং Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ Words
āϞেāĻāĻ: Sayan Das
đą āĻূāĻŽিāĻা
āĻĒ্āϰিāϝ় āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāϰা,
āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়েāϰ English Grammar āĻļেāĻাāϰ āϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻ āϧাāĻĒ āĻāĻিāϝ়ে āĻেāϞ।
āĻāĻেāϰ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽāϰা Conjunction āĻ Interjection āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻļিāĻেāĻি। āĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦিāώāϝ় āĻļিāĻāĻŦ, āϝেāĻি āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāĻ āĻোāύো āύা āĻোāύোāĻাāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ়—
Articles
āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ Article āĻšāϞো:
A, An, The
āĻāĻ āϤিāύāĻি āĻোāĻ Word āĻšāϞেāĻ āϏāĻ িāĻ English āϞেāĻাāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻ āύেāĻ।
āĻāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰা Determiner āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻেāĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āϤৈāϰি āĻāϰāĻŦ।
PART – A
đ °️ ARTICLE āĻী?
ā§§. Article-āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ্āĻা
An Article is a word used before a noun to indicate whether we are talking about something in a general or specific way.
āϏāĻšāĻ āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ়:
Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻāĻŽāύ Word, āϝা āϏেāĻ Noun āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŦা āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āĻāϰে, āϤাāĻে Article āĻŦāϞে।
āĻংāϰেāĻিāϤে āϤিāύāĻি Article āϰāϝ়েāĻে:
A
AN
THE
⧍. Article-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻĻুāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻাāĻ
Articles āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāϤ āĻĻুāĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ:
ā§§. Indefinite Articles
A, An
⧍. Definite Article
The
ā§Š. A āĻāĻŦং AN āĻেāύ Indefinite?
A āĻāĻŦং An āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻোāύো āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻāĻাāĻŦে āύা āĻŦুāĻিāϝ়ে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϝ়।
Example:
I saw a dog.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻŽি āĻোāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ Dog-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞāĻি āύা। āĻāĻāĻি āĻুāĻুāϰ āĻĻেāĻেāĻি।
āĻāϰ:
I saw the dog.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāĻāĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻুāĻুāϰেāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
PART – B
đ °️ ARTICLE “A”
ā§Ē. A-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
A āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ Countable Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϝāĻāύ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি consonant sound āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
a boy
a girl
a book
a pen
a teacher
a car
a university
āĻļেāώেāϰ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻি āĻুāĻŦ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
university āĻĻেāĻāϤে vowel letter U āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ় /juË/ sound āĻĻিāϝ়ে, āϝা consonant sound-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ়।
āϤাāĻ:
✅ a university
❌ an university
ā§Ģ. A-āĻāϰ āϏāĻšāĻ Formula
A + Singular Countable Noun + Consonant Sound
Example:
a book
a pen
a cat
a student
a teacher
ā§Ŧ. A āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ
I have a book.
She is a teacher.
He bought a car.
Rahul has a bicycle.
I saw a bird.
PART – C
đ °️ “AN”
ā§. AN-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
An āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ Countable Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϝāĻāύ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি vowel sound āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ়।
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ vowel letters āĻšāϞো:
A, E, I, O, U
āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāĻŦে:
Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻļুāϧু Letter āύāϝ়, Sound āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
ā§Ž. AN-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ
an apple
an egg
an orange
an umbrella
an elephant
an idea
⧝. AN āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ
I ate an apple.
She has an umbrella.
He is an honest man.
I saw an elephant.
It was an interesting story.
ā§§ā§Ļ. Honest-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে AN āĻেāύ?
honest āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি H āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϞেāĻা āĻšāϞেāĻ H-āĻāϰ sound āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰিāϤ āĻšāϝ় āύা।
āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖ:
honest → /ËÉnÉĒst/
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻিāϰ āĻļুāϰুāϤে vowel sound āϰāϝ়েāĻে।
āϤাāĻ:
✅ an honest man
❌ a honest man
ā§§ā§§. Hour-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে AN
hour-āĻāĻ h silent।
āϤাāĻ:
✅ an hour
❌ a hour
Example:
I waited for an hour.
⧧⧍. A University āĻিāύ্āϤু AN Umbrella
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāϏāϞ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āĻšāϞো sound।
University:
āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻļুāϰু:
/juË/
āϤাāĻ:
✅ a university
Umbrella:
āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻļুāϰু:
/Ę/
āϤাāĻ:
✅ an umbrella
ā§§ā§Š. A European
European āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻি E āĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻāϰ pronunciation āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ় /j/ sound āĻĻিāϝ়ে।
āϤাāĻ:
✅ a European
❌ an European
ā§§ā§Ē. An MBA
āĻāĻাāύে āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻāĻি āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϰāϝ়েāĻে।
MBA-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻļুāϰু āĻšāϝ়:
/em/
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sound āĻšāϞো vowel sound।
āϤাāĻ:
✅ an MBA student
ā§§ā§Ģ. A āĻāĻŦং AN – āĻŽূāϞ āύিāϝ়āĻŽ
āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻāĻŦে:
A → consonant sound-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে
AN → vowel sound-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে
āĻļুāϧু āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ Letter āĻĻেāĻে āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāĻŦে āύা।
đ A āĻŦāύাāĻŽ AN
| A | AN |
|---|---|
| a boy | an apple |
| a book | an egg |
| a car | an orange |
| a university | an umbrella |
| a European | an hour |
| a teacher | an honest man |
PART – D
đĄ DEFINITE ARTICLE – THE
ā§§ā§Ŧ. THE āĻী?
The āĻšāϞো Definite Article।
āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻোāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦা āĻŦিāώāϝ়েāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞি, āϤāĻāύ The āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
Example:
I saw a dog. The dog was black.
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ:
a dog
āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻুāĻুāϰāĻি āϤāĻāύ āύāϤুāύ information।
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āĻŦাāϰ:
the dog
āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻাāύি āĻোāύ dog-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
ā§§ā§. āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ A/AN, āĻĒāϰে THE
āĻāĻি āĻুāĻŦ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻি pattern।
Example:
I bought a book. The book is interesting.
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে:
a book
āĻĒāϰে:
the book
āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āĻŦাāϰ book-āĻি āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻšāϝ়ে āĻেāĻে।
ā§§ā§Ž. THE āĻĻিāϝ়ে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু
Close the door.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻŦāĻ্āϤা āĻ āĻļ্āϰোāϤা āĻাāύে āĻোāύ āĻĻāϰāĻাāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
Please pass me the pen.
āĻāĻাāύেāĻ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ pen āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāĻ্āĻে।
⧧⧝. Unique Things-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে THE
āϝে āĻিāύিāϏāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦা unique āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āϧāϰা āĻšāϝ়, āϤাāϰ āĻāĻে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
the Sun
the Moon
the Earth
the sky
Example Sentence:
The Sun rises in the east.
⧍ā§Ļ. Superlative Degree-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে THE
Superlative-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
the best
the biggest
the tallest
the most beautiful
Sentence:
He is the best student in the class.
This is the most beautiful place I have seen.
⧍⧧. Ordinal Number-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে THE
Example:
the first
the second
the third
the fourth
Sentence:
He won the first prize.
⧍⧍. Musical Instruments-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে THE
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে āĻোāύো musical instrument āĻŦাāĻাāύোāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞāϞে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞিāϤ pattern āϰāϝ়েāĻে।
Example:
He plays the guitar.
She plays the piano.
He can play the violin.
ā§¨ā§Š. āύāĻĻীāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে THE
āĻ āύেāĻ āύāĻĻীāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
the Ganges
the Thames
the Nile
the Brahmaputra
Sentence:
The Ganges is an important river of India.
⧍ā§Ē. āϏāĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻāϰেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে THE
Example:
the Indian Ocean
the Pacific Ocean
the Atlantic Ocean
the Arabian Sea
⧍ā§Ģ. āĻŽāϰুāĻূāĻŽিāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে THE
Example:
the Sahara Desert
the Thar Desert
⧍ā§Ŧ. āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤāĻŽাāϞাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে THE
Example:
the Himalayas
the Alps
āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āĻŦāϤেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
Example:
Mount Everest
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে:
❌ the Mount Everest
⧍ā§. āĻিāĻু āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে THE
āĻŦāĻšু-āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āĻ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϧāϰāύেāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
the United States
the United Kingdom
the Netherlands
āĻিāύ্āϤু:
India
Japan
Nepal
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻে the āĻŦāϏে āύা।
ā§¨ā§Ž. Newspapers āĻ āĻিāĻু āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύেāϰ āύাāĻŽ
āĻিāĻু newspaper-āĻāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে the āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
The Times
The Guardian
āϤāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻি proper name-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āύিāĻে āĻĨেāĻে the āĻŦāϏাāύো āϝাāĻŦে āύা।
PART – E
đĢ āĻāĻāύ A/AN āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāĻŦে āύা?
⧍⧝. Plural Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে A/AN āύāϝ়
A/An singular countable noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
āϤাāĻ:
❌ a books
❌ an apples
āϏāĻ িāĻ:
✅ books
✅ apples
Example:
I like books.
She bought apples.
ā§Šā§Ļ. Uncountable Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে A/AN āύāϝ়
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে:
❌ a water
❌ a milk
❌ a rice
āĻাāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻুāϞো āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ uncountable noun āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
āϤāĻŦে āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦোāĻাāϤে āĻ āύ্āϝ structure āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāϝ়।
Example:
a glass of water
a bottle of milk
a bowl of rice
ā§Šā§§. Abstract Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে Article āύা-āĻ āĻĨাāĻāϤে āĻĒাāϰে
Example:
Honesty is important.
Love is powerful.
Knowledge is valuable.
āĻāĻাāύে abstract idea-āĻে general sense-āĻ āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়েāĻে।
āĻিāύ্āϤু āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻšāϞে:
The love of a mother is special.
PART – F
đĸ ZERO ARTICLE
ā§Šā§¨. Zero Article āĻী?
āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻোāύো Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ় āύা। āĻāĻে Grammar-āĻ Zero Article āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়।
Example:
Books are useful.
Water is essential for life.
Honesty is a great virtue.
āĻāĻাāύে āĻোāύো Article āύেāĻ।
ā§Šā§Š. āĻাāώাāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Article āύেāĻ
I speak English.
She is learning Bengali.
He knows Hindi.
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে:
❌ the English — āϝāĻĻি English language-āĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāύো āĻšāϝ়।
āϤāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ context-āĻ the + adjective āĻŦা āĻ āύ্āϝ structure-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
ā§Šā§Ē. Subject-āĻāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻে Article āύāϝ়
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে:
English is interesting.
Mathematics is difficult.
History is important.
PART – G
đĩ DETERMINER
ā§Šā§Ģ. Determiner āĻী?
āϏāĻšāĻāĻাāĻŦে:
Determiner āĻšāϞো āĻāĻŽāύ Word āϝা Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦāϏে āϏেāĻ Noun-āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ্āϝা, āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ, āĻŽাāϞিāĻাāύা, āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻāϤা āĻŦা āĻĒāϰিāĻāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĻেāϝ়।
Determiner-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϰāϝ়েāĻে āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āϧāϰāύেāϰ Word।
Example:
this book
my book
some books
many students
each student
the book
āĻāĻাāύে this, my, some, many, each, the Noun āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ information āĻĻিāĻ্āĻে।
ā§Šā§Ŧ. Demonstrative Determiners
āĻোāύো āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻŦা āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻে āĻĻেāĻিāϝ়ে āĻŦোāĻাāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়:
this
that
these
those
This
āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি:
This book is mine.
That
āĻĻূāϰেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি:
That house is beautiful.
These
āĻাāĻেāϰ āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ:
These books are new.
Those
āĻĻূāϰেāϰ āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ:
Those students are playing.
ā§Šā§. Possessive Determiners
āĻŽাāϞিāĻাāύা āĻŦা possession āĻŦোāĻাāϝ়।
Examples:
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
Example:
My book is new.
Your bag is here.
His car is red.
Our school is beautiful.
Their house is large.
ā§Šā§Ž. Quantifiers
āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦা āϏংāĻ্āϝা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āϧাāϰāĻŖা āĻĻেāϝ়।
Common examples:
some
any
much
many
few
a few
little
a little
several
enough
ā§Šā§¯. MANY
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ plural countable noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে:
many students
many books
many people
Example:
Many students attended the class.
ā§Ēā§Ļ. MUCH
āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ uncountable noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে:
much water
much money
much time
Example:
I don't have much time.
ā§Ēā§§. A FEW āĻŦāύাāĻŽ FEW
āĻāĻি āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
A few
āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āĻিāĻু āĻāĻে—āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ positive sense।
I have a few friends.
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ: āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻāϝ়েāĻāĻāύ āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻāĻে।
Few
āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽ—āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āύেāĻ-āĻāϰ āĻাāĻাāĻাāĻি negative sense।
Few students understood the lesson.
ā§Ē⧍. A LITTLE āĻŦāύাāĻŽ LITTLE
A little
āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āĻিāĻু āĻāĻে।
I have a little money.
Little
āĻুāĻŦ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻāĻে।
I have little money.
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻুāĻŦ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
ā§Ēā§Š. EACH
āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻে āĻāϞাāĻĻা āĻāϞাāĻĻাāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϝ়।
Each student has a book.
ā§Ēā§Ē. EVERY
āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻাāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻাāϝ়।
Every student must study.
Each āĻāĻŦং Every-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ singular countable noun āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
đ Article & Determiner – Quick Chart
| Word | āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ |
|---|---|
| a | āĻāĻāĻি, consonant sound-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে |
| an | āĻāĻāĻি, vowel sound-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে |
| the | āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ |
| this | āĻাāĻেāϰ singular |
| that | āĻĻূāϰেāϰ singular |
| these | āĻাāĻেāϰ plural |
| those | āĻĻূāϰেāϰ plural |
| my | āĻŽাāϞিāĻাāύা |
| your | āĻŽাāϞিāĻাāύা |
| many | āĻ āύেāĻ, countable |
| much | āĻ āύেāĻ, uncountable |
| few | āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽ |
| a few | āĻāϝ়েāĻāĻি |
| little | āĻুāĻŦ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ |
| a little | āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ |
⚠️ Common Mistakes
āĻুāϞ ā§§
❌ He is a honest man.
✅ He is an honest man.
āĻুāϞ ⧍
❌ She is an university student.
✅ She is a university student.
āĻুāϞ ā§Š
❌ I have a books.
✅ I have books.
āĻুāϞ ā§Ē
❌ The India is a beautiful country.
✅ India is a beautiful country.
āĻুāϞ ā§Ģ
❌ He is best student.
✅ He is the best student.
āĻুāϞ ā§Ŧ
❌ I waited for a hour.
✅ I waited for an hour.
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§§
āĻļূāύ্āϝāϏ্āĻĨাāύে a / an / the āĻŦāϏাāĻ।
I saw ___ elephant.
He is ___ teacher.
She bought ___ umbrella.
I have ___ book.
___ Sun rises in the east.
He is ___ honest man.
She studies at ___ university.
I waited for ___ hour.
He is ___ best player in the team.
I saw ___ dog. ___ dog was black.
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ⧍
āϏāĻ িāĻ Article āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāĻāύ āĻāϰো।
a / an apple
a / an university
a / an European
a / an umbrella
a / an honest person
a / an book
a / an hour
a / an orange
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Š
āĻুāϞ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻুāϞো āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻāϰো।
He is a honest boy.
She has an book.
I saw a elephant.
The India is my country.
He is best student.
She waited for a hour.
He is an university student.
I bought a apples.
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ē
āϏāĻ িāĻ Determiner āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰো:
this / that / these / those
___ book in my hand is new.
___ house over there is beautiful.
___ books beside me are mine.
___ mountains in the distance are beautiful.
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ģ
āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦেāĻে āύাāĻ:
many / much
I have ___ books.
We don't have ___ time.
There are ___ students in the classroom.
How ___ money do you need?
How ___ people came?
đ āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ŧ
few / a few / little / a little āĻŦāϏাāĻ।
I have ___ friends who support me.
There is ___ water in the bottle.
___ students failed the examination.
I have ___ money, so I can buy a pen.
There is ___ hope left.
✅ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§§
an
a
an
a
The
an
a
an
the
a, The
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ⧍
an apple
a university
a European
an umbrella
an honest person
a book
an hour
an orange
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Š
He is an honest boy.
She has a book.
I saw an elephant.
India is my country.
He is the best student.
She waited for an hour.
He is a university student.
I bought apples.
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ē
This
That
These
Those
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ģ
many
much
many
much
many
āĻ āύুāĻļীāϞāύী – ā§Ŧ
āĻāĻাāύে context-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻāϰ āĻāϰে āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻāĻŦ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻāĻāĻি āϏāĻŽ্āĻাāĻŦ্āϝ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰ:
a few
a little
few
a little
little
đ¯ āĻāĻāĻেāϰ Homework
āύিāĻেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে Article āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে ā§§ā§ĻāĻি English Sentence āϞেāĻো।
āĻāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ:
I am a student.
I have a book.
I use an English dictionary.
The book is useful.
āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ this, that, these, those, my, many, much āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে āĻāϰāĻ ā§āĻি āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āϞেāĻো।
đ Golden Rules
Rule 1
A/An āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ Singular Countable Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Rule 2
A āĻ An āύিāϰ্āϧাāϰāĻŖে Letter āύāϝ়, Sound āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।
Rule 3
A → Consonant Sound
Rule 4
An → Vowel Sound
Rule 5
The → Specific/Definite
Rule 6
Plural āĻ Uncountable Noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨে A/An āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰা āϝাāϝ় āύা।
Rule 7
Superlative-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ The āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়।
Rule 8
This/That → Singular
Rule 9
These/Those → Plural
Rule 10
Many → Countable
Rule 11
Much → Uncountable
đ āĻāĻāĻেāϰ āĻļেāĻা āĻŦিāώāϝ়
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻļিāĻāϞাāĻŽ—
✅ Article āĻী
✅ A
✅ An
✅ The
✅ Indefinite Article
✅ Definite Article
✅ Vowel Sound āĻ Consonant Sound
✅ Silent H-āĻāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
✅ A university / an umbrella-āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ
✅ The-āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ
✅ Zero Article
✅ Determiner āĻী
✅ Demonstrative Determiners
✅ Possessive Determiners
✅ Quantifiers
✅ Many āĻ Much
✅ Few āĻ A Few
✅ Little āĻ A Little
✅ Each āĻ Every
✅ Common Article Mistakes
đ Chapter Summary
āĻāĻāĻেāϰ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়āĻি English Grammar-āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻ āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻিāϤ্āϤি।
A, An āĻāĻŦং The āĻোāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻšāϞেāĻ āĻāĻুāϞোāϰ āĻুāϞ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāĻāĻি English Sentence-āĻে grammatically incorrect āĻŦা unnatural āĻāϰে āϤুāϞāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।
āϏāĻŦāĻেāϝ়ে āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āĻšāϞো:
A/An āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰেāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻļুāϧু āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ Letter āĻĻেāĻāĻŦে āύা—āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ Sound āĻļুāύāĻŦে।
āϤাāĻ:
a university
āĻিāύ্āϤু:
an umbrella
āĻāĻŦাāϰ:
an honest man
āĻিāύ্āϤু:
a European
āĻāĻাāĻĄ়া The āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻোāύো āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻŦা āĻĒāϰিāĻিāϤ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻে āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি।
āĻāϰ Determiners Noun-āĻāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāϏে āϏেāĻ Noun-āĻāϰ identity, quantity, possession, proximity āĻŦা definiteness āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻ āϤিāϰিāĻ্āϤ information āĻĻেāϝ়।
đŋ āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻুāύ
“A good sentence needs not only words, but also the right words in the right place.”
English Grammar āĻļেāĻাāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻোāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻে āĻāĻāύো āĻোāĻ āĻāϰে āĻĻেāĻāĻŦে āύা।
A, An, The—āĻāĻ āϤিāύāĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ িāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āϤোāĻŽাāϰ English writing-āĻে āĻ āύেāĻ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻাāϰ, āϏ্āĻŦাāĻাāĻŦিāĻ āĻāĻŦং grammatically accurate āĻāϰে āϤুāϞāĻŦে।
āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĻিāύ āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āĻāϰে āĻĒāĻĄ়ো।
āύিāĻেāϰ Sentence āύিāĻে āϞেāĻো।
āĻুāϞ āĻšāϞে āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻāϰো।
āĻাāϰāĻŖ Grammar āĻŽুāĻāϏ্āĻĨ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ় āύāϝ়—Grammar āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়।
đ āĻāĻাāĻŽী āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়
āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় – ā§§ā§Ŧ
SENTENCE & SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Word āĻĨেāĻে Complete Sentence — English āĻŦাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻাāĻ াāĻŽো
āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻļিāĻāĻŦ—
Sentence āĻী?
Sentence-āĻāϰ āϏংāĻ্āĻা
Sentence-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ ংāĻļ
Subject
Predicate
Object
Complement
Phrase
Clause-āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ āϧাāϰāĻŖা
Word → Phrase → Clause → Sentence
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Assertive Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Sentence-āĻāϰ Basic Pattern
Subject + Verb
Subject + Verb + Object
Subject + Verb + Complement
English Sentence āϤৈāϰিāϰ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি
Common Sentence Mistakes
Exercise & Answer Key
đ āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ়েāϰ āϝাāϤ্āϰা
Chapter 01 → English āĻļেāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒাāĻ
Chapter 02 → English Alphabet (A–Z)
Chapter 03 → Vowels & Consonants
Chapter 04 → Capital & Small Letters
Chapter 05 → English Word & Word Formation
Chapter 06 → Syllable
Chapter 07 → Parts of Speech
Chapter 08 → Noun
Chapter 09 → Pronoun
Chapter 10 → Verb
Chapter 11 → Adjective
Chapter 12 → Adverb
Chapter 13 → Preposition
Chapter 14 → Conjunction & Interjection
Chapter 15 → Articles & Determiners ✅
Chapter 16 → Sentence & Sentence Structure
Chapter 17 → Subject & Predicate
Chapter 18 → Tense
Chapter 19 → Subject–Verb Agreement
Chapter 20 → Question, Negative & Imperative Sentences
Chapter 21 → Phrase & Clause
Chapter 22 → Voice
Chapter 23 → Direct & Indirect Speech
Chapter 24 → Auxiliary Verbs & Modals
Chapter 25 → Transformation of Sentences
Chapter 26 → Vocabulary, Idioms, Synonyms & Antonyms
Chapter 27 → Paragraph, Letter, Essay & Composition
Chapter 28 → Reading, Comprehension & Writing Skills
Chapter 29 → Introduction to English Literature
Chapter 30 → ABCD āĻĨেāĻে English Grammar āĻ Literature — āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϝাāϤ্āϰাāϰ āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤি āĻ Graduate-Level Literature Roadmap